TOP10 ogulitsa zaku China ku Peru

Zolinga zakukula pafupifupi 15% pazogulitsa zofukula zaku China pofika 2025 zidzayendetsedwa makamaka ndi msika waku Latin America (makamaka Peru). Zofuna za migodi ndi zomangamanga ku Peru zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtengo-mwachangu, ubwino waukadaulo, ndi mphamvu za ntchito zaZofukula zaku China. Kupyolera mukusintha kwazinthu ndi ntchito zamaloko, makampani aku China akuyembekezeka kuonjezera gawo lawo pamsika ku Peru (ayenera kupitilira 40% pofika 2025). M'tsogolomu, pamene Belt and Road Initiative ikupita patsogolo ku Latin America, zofukula zaku China zaku China zipitiliza kupindula ndi zofunikira pakukweza zida m'misika yomwe ikubwera. Pansipa pali chidule cha kugawa kwa ogulitsa 10 apamwamba aku China ku Peru:

Zotsatira zakusaka zomwe zilipo sizikulemba mwatsatanetsatane mabungwe, maofesi, kapena othandizira akumalo a TOP10 ogulitsa ku Peru. Komabe, kutengera zambiri zomwe zaperekedwa (ntchito zoyitanitsa za China Railway 20th Bureau ndiPower Construction Hydropower 14th Bureau), zitha kuganiziridwa kuti zogulitsa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa awa (monga zida zofukula) zidalowa mumsika kudzera pama projekiti aukadaulo aku China ku Peru. Pansipa pali kuwunika kofunikira komwe kumapangidwa kukhala mfundo zisanu kuti ziwongolere kuchuluka kwake, pamodzi ndi tebulo lomwe likufotokoza mwachidule zochitika za wopereka aliyense:

Mchitidwe wonse wabizinesi:

Otsatsa a TOP10 ku Peru amakhalapo chifukwa cha "makonzedwe otumiza kunja", pomwe zida zimaperekedwa ndi likulu la dziko la China kapena mabizinesi apakhomo ndi mabizinesi omwe amathandizidwa ndi China-monga China Railway ndi PowerChina) ku Peru. Izi zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika pamsika waku Latin America, popeza kukhazikitsa mabungwe am'deralo kumawononga ndalama zambiri pomwe kugula ntchito kumapereka kusinthika kwakukulu.

Magwero a umboni weniweni:

China Railway 20th Bureau Group's Peru Andean National Highway Project (Februari 2025): Zida zotsalira zofukula zimagulidwa kudzera pabizinesi yapanyumba, zomwe zimafuna kuti otsatsa akhale "opanga kapena othandizira olembetsedwa ku China". Izi zimaloza mwachindunji kwa ogulitsa monga Sany ndiMtengo wa XCMG .

China Power Construction Hydropower Bureau 14th Engineering Company's Sanjia Wang Project ku Peru (March 2025):

Njira zofananira zogulira zinthu zidzatsimikiziranso kulowa kwa zida zotsalira zaku China pamsika wauinjiniya waku Peru, kuphatikiza ogulitsa monga Liugong ndi Lingong.

Zowonjezera Zamsika:

Peru ndi dziko lalikulu la migodi ndi zomangamanga ku Latin America (lomwe likufunika kwambiri migodi yamkuwa ndi kupanga misewu), ndipo zida za ku China ndizodziwika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo-kwake. Mu 2025, dziko la China lidatenga pafupifupi 20% ya makina omangira ochokera ku Peru (kutengera zomwe zachitika pamakampani), koma kuchuluka kwa ogulitsa TOP10 kumakhalabe kotsika, makamaka moyendetsedwa ndi ntchito-zofuna zenizeni.

Zowopsa ndi malire:

Kusowa kwa umboni wachindunji (monga makampani anthambi kapena deta yogulitsa) kungapangitse kuti malingaliro asakhudze mabizinesi onse a TOP10. Ena ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono (monga Shanhe Intelligent) ali ndi zofooka ku Peru.

Tsogolo:

Chifukwa chakukula kwa dziko la China-mgwirizano wazachuma ndi malonda ku Peru (monga Belt and Road Initiative), ogulitsa ambiri atha kulimbikitsa kupezeka kwawo pokhazikitsa othandizira kapena malo ochitira chithandizo.

Gome lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule momwe bizinesi ingathere kwa wogulitsa aliyense ku Peru kutengera umboni wabizinesi ndi machitidwe amakampani. Mzere wamawu ukuwonetsa mphamvu yaumboni (wamphamvu: wolunjika ku ma projekiti; sing'anga: malingaliro amakampani; ofooka: palibe umboni wachindunji).

Kulemeretsa zomwe zili pazambiri za "zogulitsa zaku China zaku China zogulitsa kunja zikuyembekezeka kukula pafupifupi 15% mu 2025, pomwe Latin America ndi gawo lofunikira. Peru, monga gawo lalikulu pazamigodi ndi zomangamanga, ikufunika kwambiri zida zaku China," ndikofunikira kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito onse aku China omwe amagulitsa kunja mu 2025, madalaivala amafuna msika ku Latin America, amapindula ndi madalaivala aku China ku Latin America. Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera molongosoka:

1. Ntchito yonse ya zofukula zaku China zogulitsa kunja mu 2025: voliyumu ndi mtengo zikukwera, kukula kwapachaka kukuyembekezeka kupitilira 15%

Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la General Administration of Customs and China Construction Machinery Industry Association linanena, zofukula zaku China zomwe zatulutsidwa mu 2025 zipitilira "kukula kwamitengo ndi kukhathamiritsa kwadongosolo", ndipo chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumiza kunja pafupifupi 15% chimathandizira-

Kuchuluka: Kuyambira Januware mpaka Julayi 2025, zofukula zonse zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja zinali 64,700 mayunitsi, kukwera 13% chaka ndi chaka (malinga ndi data ya bungwe); mu theka loyamba la chaka, zotumiza kunja zinali mayunitsi 139,000 (malinga ndi deta ya kasitomu, kuphatikiza zokwawa ndi mitundu yamawilo), kukwera 28.9% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo kukula kwachulukira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi 2024 (kutumiza kwapachaka mu 2024 kunali pafupifupi mayunitsi 200,000, kutsika pang'ono chaka ndi chaka).

Pankhani ya mtengo wa katundu wotumizidwa kunja: Mkati mwa theka loyamba la 2025, zogulitsa zofukula zidafika $4.89 biliyoni, zomwe zikuwonetsa 23.2% chaka-pa-chiwonjezeko cha chaka (data ya kasitomala). Ngakhale kuti chiwongola dzanja chikucheperachepera, izi zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimakhalabe zokwera-zotsika mtengo-zowoneka bwino komanso zazing'ono-zokwera mtengo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa-matani aakulu (monga zokumba matani 50+ ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba migodi) kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira. Monga tafotokozera, zofukula zazikuluzikuluzi zimagulidwa pamtengo wa 800,000 USD poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena, kusonyeza kupikisana kwakukulu m'misika yomwe ikubwera.

Zifukwa za kukula:

① Mbali yofunikira: kubwezeretsanso zomanga ndi zofunikira zamigodi m'misika yomwe ikubwera (Latin America, India, Africa) (mwachitsanzo, chitukuko cha mineral ku Peru, kumanga likulu latsopano ku Indonesia);

② Supply-mbali: Kupambana kwa China muukadaulo wakufukula (kunyumba kwa ma hydraulic components, kupanga zochuluka za 700-zofukula zazikulu kwambiri za matani 700), ubwino wapachaka (kutulutsa kwapachaka kupitilira mayunitsi 300,000, kusanja koyamba padziko lonse lapansi), ndipo chitsanzo chathunthu, Sany0 service center Helex Mayiko 190 omwe ali ndi chiwongola dzanja kuposa 90%;

③ Mbali ya mfundo: Bungwe la Belt and Road Initiative limalimbikitsa mabizinesi aku China kuti ayende padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe mapangano amalonda aulere monga RCEP amachepetsa zotchinga zamitengo (monga tafotokozera pa mfundo 8, ndondomeko yaulere ya RCEP-imathandizira makina omanga aku China kuti akule m'misika yaku Southeast Asia, ndipo malingaliro ofananawo akugwira ntchito ku Latin America).

2. Msika waku Latin America wasanduka chigawo chofunikira kwambiri chotumizira kunja mu 2025: ndi kufunikira kwamphamvu komanso zabwino zambiri za China.

Msika waku Latin America (kuphatikiza Peru, Brazil, Mexico, ndi zina zotero) ndiye maziko akukula kwa zofukula zaku China ku 2025, makamaka kutengera mfundo izi:

zofuna:

① Kuyika ndalama pazachuma: Mayiko aku Latin America (monga, Peru) akulimbikitsa-kukweza zida zazikulu (monga misewu, madoko, mapulojekiti amagetsi), zomwe zimafunikira okumba apakati ndi akulu (monga matani 20-50);

② Kukula kwa Migodi: Dziko la Peru ndi dziko lopanga mchere wofunikira padziko lonse lapansi (omwe ali ndi mkuwa, golide, ndi siliva omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi). Ntchito za migodi zimafunika-zofukula zazikulu (monga zopitirira matani 50), pamene zofukula za ku China (monga Sany ndi XCMG zazikulu-zikuluzikulu za XCMG) zimasonyeza mtengo woonekera-wotsika mtengo (20% -30% wotchipa kusiyana ndi mitundu yakunja monga Caterpillar ndi Komatsu).

③ Kuchulukitsa kwa mizinda: Chiwopsezo cha mizinda yaku Latin America ndi pafupifupi 80% (okwera kuposa kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse), koma zomanga m'mizinda zatsalira m'mbuyo, zomwe zimafunikira ofukula ang'onoang'ono (monga matani osakwana 6) pomanga nyumba ndi kukonzanso matawuni.

Ubwino wampikisano waku China:

① Mtengo-ku-chiŵerengero cha kagwiridwe ka ntchito: Mtengo wa ofukula mabwinja aku China ndi 15%-30% wotsika kuposa wamakampani akunja, ndipo mtunduwo wakhala wofanana ndi wamayiko akunja (monga tanenera pa 1, ofukula mabwinja aku China "ndiwopamwamba-ndi wotchipa" m'misika ya ku Africa ndi ku Latin America);

② Kusintha kwaukadaulo: Mabizinesi aku China amatha kusintha zinthu malinga ndi momwe msika ukufunira ku Latin America (monga zofukula zazikulu-zofukula matani a migodi ku Peru, ndi zina zowonjezera{1}}zosagwira ntchito);

③ Network network: Mabizinesi aku China (monga XCMG ndi Zoomlion) akhazikitsa malo othandizira ku Latin America (mwachitsanzo, XCMG ili ndi fakitale ku Brazil yochepetsera ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito kupanga komweko), zomwe zathetsa vuto la "zovuta pambuyo-zogulitsa".

3. Peru ili ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ofukula aku China: oyendetsedwa ndi migodi ndi zomangamanga

Monga "malo opangira migodi ndi zomangamanga" ku Latin America, Peru ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri pakufukula ku China pamsika waku Latin America, ndipo kufunikira kumakhazikika m'magawo otsatirawa:

Kufunika kwa migodi: Dziko la Peru limapanga 12% ya copper padziko lonse lapansi ndi 6% ya golide padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimafunika anthu ambiri ofukula (monga 50-70-toni 50) pogwira ntchito zamigodi. Zofukula zopangidwa ndi China (monga SANY's SY750H ndi XCMG's XE700C) zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi makampani amigodi ku Peru chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake komanso kukana kuvala bwino (zopangidwira malo ovuta kwambiri amigodi), monga umboni wa kugula kwa zinthu zofukula zazikulu zingapo zochokera ku China ndi Southern Copper yaikulu kwambiri ya Peru, Peru.

Kufunika kwa zomangamanga: Boma la Peru likukonzekera kuyika ndalama zokwana madola 30 biliyoni muzomangamanga (monga misewu ya Lima-Msewu waukulu wa Cayo ndi kumanga doko la Amazon River) pakati pa 2025 ndi 2030, zomwe zimafuna anthu okumba matani apakati-monga matani 20-30) kuti azigwira ntchito pansi. Zofukula zopangidwa ndi China (mwachitsanzo, Zoomlion's ZE215E) zikuchulukirachulukira m'mapulojekiti azomangamanga chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa (kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chilengedwe cha Peru).

Demand Forecast: Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la Peruvian Construction Machinery Association linanena, zofuna za ofukula ku Peru zidzakula ndi 18% mu 2025 (kuposa chiwerengero cha kukula kwa Latin America ndi 12%), ndipo gawo la malonda aku China likuyembekezeka kukwera kuchoka pa 35% mu 2024 kufika pa 45% (makamaka chifukwa cha kulowa kwa matanthwe akuluakulu{6}).

4. Malingaliro opangira mabizinesi aku China kuti ayankhe pamsika waku Peru

Kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wamsika ku Peru, mabizinesi aku China ayenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi:

Kusiyanitsa kwa zinthu: Pangani zofukula zazikulu-zokhala ndi mphamvu zotha kuvala komanso zotha kunyamula katundu wambiri (monga ndowa zachitsulo za manganese ndi ma chassis) zofunikila kumigodi ku Peru; yambitsani zofukula mphamvu-zopulumutsa ndi zanzeru-zofukula matani (monga GPS positioning ndi remote monitoring system) pa zosowa za zomangamanga.

Ntchito zakumaloko: khazikitsani zigawo ku Peru (monga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu za Xugong ku Lima) kuti mufupikitse-nthawi yoyankha zogulitsa (zomwe mukufuna kufika pamalopo pasanathe maola 24); lemberani anthu ogwira ntchito m'deralo kuti athetse vuto la chinenero.

Kuyambitsanso mgwirizano: kusaina -mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali (monga "zida + zokonza" phukusi) ndi mabizinesi amigodi ku Peru ndi mabizinesi omanga kuti achepetse mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito kasitomala; kutenga nawo gawo pama projekiti a PPP (monga kumanga misewu yayikulu) ya boma la Peru, kupereka mwachindunji zida ndikupereka chithandizo chantchito.

Moni, ndine Jason Wang, wolemba positiyi. Tili ndi zaka zopitirira 15 zogwira ntchito popereka ziwalo zofukula pansi, zomwe zikupereka{2}}zigawo zabwino kwambiri zamabizinesi m'mayiko oposa 50 padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera m'mashopu ang'onoang'ono okonza mpaka ogulitsa akuluakulu, makasitomala athu amadalira ife kuti tipeze zigawo zolimba komanso zolondola zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani. Zogulitsa zathu zambiri zikuphatikiza zophatikizira zofukula, zoyika mphira, zida zamagetsi, zosefera, zida zamagetsi, zida zamkati, ndi zina zambiri, zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ndi mitundu. Kaya ntchito yomanga, migodi, yaulimi, kapena makina olemera, magawo athu amamangidwa kuti athe kulimbana ndi zovuta zantchito, kuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.

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